Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the world. Retinopathy and nephropathy can still progress in diabetics despite optimal metabolic control. The aim of the present study was to determine whether different degrees of DR (proliferative or non-proliferative) were associated with abnormally modulated hemostatic parameters in patients with type 1 DM.Method: 52 type 1 diabetic patients and 40 healthy controls were enroll...

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important one of the complications and is detected in almost 30-40% of the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Besides the well known risk factors, endothelial dysfunction also plays a role in the pathogenesis of DN and diabetic retinopathy. Our aim was to determine flow mediated dilation measurements and serum soluable ET-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 levels in T1DM patients with or without inceased albumin excretion and compar...

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder that is characterized by hypercalcemia and elevated or normal levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Most PHPT cases are incidentally discovered when routine laboratory analysis reveals hypercalcemia. PHPT should be considered in any person with elevated serum calcium (Ca) levels and no clear evidence of malignancy. Serum phosphorus (P) is low due to the phosphaturic effects of PTH and mostly in the ...

Introduction: Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) is a useful approach in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing Syndrome (CS) despite its limitations. One of the major limitations is the difficulty to provide standard suppression dose depending on the variability of gastrointestinal absorption. One solution is for this testing serum Dexamethasone levels or test it with intravenous (iv) Dexamethasone In this case, we examined 3 patients to whom we applied intravenous...

Introduction: Bisphosphonates are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis and have been shown to improve bone mineral density and reduce fractures. However, approximately a decade ago, atypical femoral shaft fractures were found to be a rare complication of bisphosphonate treatment. Atypical Femoral Fractures (AFF) represent fractures located between the lesser trochanter and the supracondylar flare of a femur. An increasing pool of evidence supports the...

Introduction: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) mediated hypercalcemia is often severe and more resistant to medical treatment. 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT is a new technique used for determining the localization of parathyroid lesions. Denosumab, novel antiresorbtive agent, has been shown to have a useful role in hypercalcemia treatment. We report a male patient in long-term follow-up of PC who had refractory hypercalcemia due to pulmonary metastases revealed with 18-Fluorocholine PET/...

Introduction: Prolactinoma is a type of pituitary tumor that produces excessive amount of the hormone prolactin. It is the most common type of hormonally-active pituitary tumor. These tumors can result in ocular complications such as vision loss and visual fields (VF) defect. In this study, we aimed to evaluate thicknesses of chorioretinal layers in patients with prolactinoma.Material and method: We enrolled 21 prolactinoma patients (13 females, 8 males ...

Introduction: Acromegaly is an acquired disorder related to excessive production of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). It is characterized by progressive somatic disfigurement and systemic manifestations. Empty sella (ES) is an anatomical condition comprising sella turcica that is partially or completely filled with cerebrospinal fluid mainly due to intrasellar herniation of subarachnoid space. Primary ES may be associated with endocrine dysfunction ...

IntroductionPituitary apoplexy is seen in 1.5–27.7% of pituitary adenomas. Common etiologies include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, radiotherapy, contrast-enhanced MR, surgery, drugs, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, estrogen, head trauma and pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 had spread rapidly, and caused COVID-19 pandemic. Although it mainly causes respiratory problems, there may also be extrapulmonary involvement. COVID-19 infection is associated with hemorr...

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are relatively new and promising treatments for a variety of solid tumors. Nivolumab is an anti-cancer monoclonal antibody that inhibits anti-programmed death-1 (PD1) and modulates T-cell response. It has been shown to significantly improve survival in many types of cancer, but clinical studies have also reported an increased risk of developing immune-related adverse events. In particular, immune-related adverse events may be related ...